About the journal
This journal was ranked “A” and scored “88” based on the latest evaluation made by the Islamic Azad University in 2023.
The Curriculum Research Journal (CRJ) is an international, online, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original contributions to all areas of curriculum studies, including those derived from empirical, philosophical, sociological, or policy-related investigations.
Peer Review Policy
All manuscripts submitted to CRJ undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and external refereeing by at least two anonymous reviewers. The manuscripts should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission. The journal reserves the right to reject papers before peer review where the articles do not meet the scope or basic quality standards of the journal. The editor aims to make a decision on whether manuscripts will be sent to external peer review within 2 weeks. The editor's decision is final.
Read Guide for Authors for information on how to submit your article.
Recent Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The comparative effects of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing
Somayeh Hosseini Mahdieh Shafipoor Morteza TeimourtashIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023Grammatical accuracy has been controversial in L2 writing, and the utility of different types of corrective feedback has been enigmatic. Therefore, the present study attempted to explicate the impact of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on MoreGrammatical accuracy has been controversial in L2 writing, and the utility of different types of corrective feedback has been enigmatic. Therefore, the present study attempted to explicate the impact of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing. To do so, 60 Iranian male and female EFL learners were assigned into two experimental groups (i.e., intensive and extensive groups) and one control group. After taking the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the experimental groups received intended corrective feedback, while the control group did not receive any feedback. Then, the data was analyzed deploying both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed the outperformance of experimental groups compared to the control group in the writing post-test. Also, it was concluded that extensive recast can improve EFL learners’ writing performance much better than intensive recast. The findings have some fruitful pedagogical implications for both teachers and materials developers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An investigation into three different techniques to raise critical cultural awareness
Leila Amiri Kordestani Massood Yazdanimoghaddam Parviz MaftoonIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023This study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post MoreThis study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post-test questionnaire after ten-session treatment. Furthermore, it investigated whether there are any differences in the effectiveness of these techniques. Regarding the participants, the testing group was 154 undergraduate English language translation students, including both male and female students, forming three experimental groups. This investigation used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The homogeneity test and a pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through Repeated Measures ANOVA and Simple Effect Analysis. Based on the obtained results, there were significant differences between the pretest and the post-test, which means that by applying the techniques mentioned above, the critical cultural awareness of learners increased. Also, there were significant differences between the three groups’ overall means on pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaires. Considering the three groups, culture narratives, culture capsule and culture training activities, the former outperforms the others. Furthermore, between culture training activities and culture capsule groups, the culture training activities group performed better than the culture capsule group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Training parents for child sexual education to prevent sexual harassment
Fatemeh Pakpour Faezeh Nateghi Mahnaz JalalvandiIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023The present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to p MoreThe present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to pass it on to their child. Some parents think that it is better to keep the child away from any sexual issues so that sexual thoughts do not develop in their minds, but sexual questions inevitably arise in the minds of children and the ignorance of parents and their inability to answer some questions of children cause children to get confused about sexual issues. Therefore, the most important issue for them is to grow up in a safe environment physically, mentally and emotionally. In the meantime, due to the prevalence of abnormalities and widespread factors that make sexual deviations more and more widespread, it is the suitable implementation of sexual education methods that requires children to be raised in a healthy environment based on religious supervision and education. Employing such methods also guide their sexual instincts in the right direction, and protect them from all kinds of abnormalities such as masturbation, thirst, oral and verbal sexual abuse, prostitution and pornography that lead to sexual perversion and harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing and developing job fatigue scale for elementary school teachers
Shakib Lajmiri Leila Bahmaee Mohammadreza TaheriIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and developing Job Fatigue Scale for Elementary school Teachers in 2024 employing both qualitative-quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, official documents and opinions from experts in this field were u MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of designing and developing Job Fatigue Scale for Elementary school Teachers in 2024 employing both qualitative-quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, official documents and opinions from experts in this field were used to obtain the basic structure of the tool, and in the quantitative section, the basic structure of the tool was given to samples of three target communities in three stages to check the validity and reliability of the tool. The findings of the qualitative section showed 51 effective components in reducing job fatigue, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 81 items. The Holsti's coefficient of reliability was 0.864 and the results of the content validity investigation led to the removal of 29 items. Therefore, a 52-item questionnaire was formed based on the qualitative and quantitative data. Consequently, using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient led to the removal of 7 items from the final form. Finally the structure of 45 items with 4 educational-psychological, psychological, behavioral-organizational and managerial-organizational factors was confirmed. Among the 4 factors affecting job fatigue, the educational-psychological factor took the first rank and then the psychological, behavioral-organizational and management-organizational factors took the second to fourth ranks respectively. In general, considering the validity and reliability of the developed model, it can be used to evaluate the level of job fatigue of primary school teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The comparative impact of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement
Azadeh Khanzadeh Darabi Alireza Memari HanjaniIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023This study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were s MoreThis study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were selected out of an initial number of 100 male and female EFL learners at the intermediate level based on their performance on a Flyers test. The 63 selected participants were divided into two intact groups consisting of 31 learners in the opinion-gap task experimental group and 32 learners in the reasoning-gap experimental group. Then, an engagement checklist was used by two raters in the two groups as pretest. After that, for ten sessions each lasting for 90 minutes, in one of the groups, the researcher carried out opinion-gap tasks while reasoning gap tasks were implemented in another experimental group. Upon finishing the treatment, the two raters used exactly the same checklist and obtained the posttest engagement scores. The analysis of the data through the parametric test of paired sample t-test indicated that both task types significantly impacted young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Besides, the results of Mann-Whitney U Test revealed that there was no significant difference between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Based on the results, EFL teachers are recommended to use both task types to enhance EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The comparative impact of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement
Azadeh Khanzadeh Darabi Alireza Memari HanjaniIssue 4 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2023This study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were s MoreThis study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were selected out of an initial number of 100 male and female EFL learners at the intermediate level based on their performance on a Flyers test. The 63 selected participants were divided into two intact groups consisting of 31 learners in the opinion-gap task experimental group and 32 learners in the reasoning-gap experimental group. Then, an engagement checklist was used by two raters in the two groups as pretest. After that, for ten sessions each lasting for 90 minutes, in one of the groups, the researcher carried out opinion-gap tasks while reasoning gap tasks were implemented in another experimental group. Upon finishing the treatment, the two raters used exactly the same checklist and obtained the posttest engagement scores. The analysis of the data through the parametric test of paired sample t-test indicated that both task types significantly impacted young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Besides, the results of Mann-Whitney U Test revealed that there was no significant difference between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Based on the results, EFL teachers are recommended to use both task types to enhance EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Autonomy as Responsibility in Professional Life: Deconstructing Teaching Standards
Anne M. Phelan Cristina D. VintimillaIssue 1 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2021The irony of teaching standards policies is that they undermine the very commitments to professional autonomy that they espouse. Positioned as a condition (of competence and conduct) and consequence (of competence and conduct), autonomy becomes both philosophically and MoreThe irony of teaching standards policies is that they undermine the very commitments to professional autonomy that they espouse. Positioned as a condition (of competence and conduct) and consequence (of competence and conduct), autonomy becomes both philosophically and practically problematic. Drawing on the work of Jacques Derrida, the authors deconstruct the British Columbia standards policy titled “Standards for the Education, Competence, and Professional Conduct of Teachers.” Deconstruction is not aimed here at the destruction of standards policies but towards understanding and appreciating the role they can play in acknowledging that which is core to teaching and yet difficult to name within the language of standards. Our efforts are directed towards the rehabilitation of autonomy as educational responsibility that recognizes its own deep-seated and perhaps necessary contradictions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparing Shahid Motahari and John Locke's Philosophical Foundations of Citizenship Education and Providing Solutions for Iran's Education
Mohammad Ahmadipour Mohsen Imani Nayini Ali MohebiIssue 4 , Vol. 3 , Autumn 2022Purpose: Considering the importance of philosophical foundations in citizenship education, the aim of the present study was comparing the Shahid Motahari and John Locke's philosophical foundations of citizenship education and providing solutions for Iran's education.Met MorePurpose: Considering the importance of philosophical foundations in citizenship education, the aim of the present study was comparing the Shahid Motahari and John Locke's philosophical foundations of citizenship education and providing solutions for Iran's education.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of descriptive-analytical. The research population were included all the first-hand sources related to the Shahid Motahari and John Locke's philosophical foundations of citizenship education and the second-hand sources related to it, including articles, theses, and books. For sampling was used from census sampling method. The data were collected by note-taking method from first-hand and second-hand sources and analyzed with theoretical and critical inference methods.Findings: The findings showed that based on the Shahid Motahari's philosophical foundations of citizenship education, in the ontological dimension, man considers existence to have a purpose and harmony, in the epistemological dimension, man establishes a relationship with the world in the direction of eternal salvation and man is aware of sensory, intellectual and heart cognitions to know oneself and the society, and in the values dimension, man gives value and importance to his goals. Also, based on the John Locke's philosophical foundations of citizenship education, in the ontological dimension, human beings are equal and everyone has the right to enjoy life, health and freedom, in the epistemological dimension, man communicates with the world by observing the consequences of his behavior or the cause and effect relationship, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - To Present a Model of Psychological Well-Being based on the Components of Psychological Capital and Cognitive Flexibility by Mediating role of Mindfulness
Asghar MirMehrabi ابوطالب سعادتی شامیر Elahe MehdiIssue 4 , Vol. 2 , Autumn 2021Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a model of psychological well-being based on the components of psychological capital and psychological flexibility by mediating role of mindfulness.Methodology: This study is a descriptive research and subjects are compos MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to present a model of psychological well-being based on the components of psychological capital and psychological flexibility by mediating role of mindfulness.Methodology: This study is a descriptive research and subjects are composed of 350 masters' students of psychology from Islamic Azad University in Tehran that are selected using ‘stratified random sampling proportional to size’ method. In this method, from each unit of the university, a sample was selected independently and proportional to size of that unit. The participants responded to psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989), psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans et al, 2007), Acceptance and action Inventory (Bond et al, 2011) and Mindfulness Questionnaire (Buchheld et al, 2006). Data are analyzed using path analysis through LISERL 8.8.Finding: The results show that cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resiliency and mindfulness directly predict psychological well-being (P<0.01), and on the other hand, cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resiliency indirectly predict psychological well-being by mediating role of mindfulness (P<0.01).Conclusion: So a program can be developed to enhance cognitive flexibility and components of psychological capital and mindfulness, through which students’ level of psychological well-being would be improved.This study was applied in terms of objective and combined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Reflection on the Iranian Academic General Curriculum in the Globalization Era
Zahra RashidiIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2020The academic general curriculum is of great importance alongside the specialized curriculum; this field is not only limited to the subject of human knowledge and scientific disciplines, but is also related to the development of personal capabilities, such as the creativ MoreThe academic general curriculum is of great importance alongside the specialized curriculum; this field is not only limited to the subject of human knowledge and scientific disciplines, but is also related to the development of personal capabilities, such as the creativity and intellectual abilities, transfer of cultural heritage and values, and the evaluation of committed and accountable citizens. The present study aims to investigate the various areas of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) in the academic general curriculum in Iran. This is an applied research wherein, a qualitative content analysis method, the thematic analysis (themes), has been applied to the two levels of the selected documents (the law on the goals, duties, and organizations of the Ministry of Science, the comprehensive scientific map of Iran, and Iran''s sixth development plan) and syllabuses of the general courses approved by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. The data collection tools included content analysis, note-taking, and a checklist. A descriptive-analytic method was applied to interpret and analyze the data. Based on the research findings, the level of contents associated with globalization has a significant degree of severity and weakness from one course to another in terms of the qualitative aspect. It is certain that most of the contents related to the components of globalization often have indirect links and regarding the positive, negative, and neutral aspects, it can be claimed that the neutral aspect is of considerable significance compared to the other aspects. The qualitative content analysis of the documents and syllabuses of the general courses was done and subsequently, the obtained scheme indicates that the existing approach to the GCE in Iran is a combination of political and civic education approaches, cultural transfer, and the neo-liberal approach, and hence, the educational system should try to train global citizens with Iranian–Islamic identity. Among the important points in the analysis of the documents is a lack of distinction between globalization and internationalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identifying and Ranking the Dimensions of Resonant Leadership with the Curriculum Planning Approach in Schools of Education of Mazandaran Province
MohammadGhasem Saeedi Mohammad Salehi Farshideh ZameniIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2020Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the dimensions of resonant leadership with the curriculum planning approach in schools of education of Mazandaran province.Methods: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of im MorePurpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the dimensions of resonant leadership with the curriculum planning approach in schools of education of Mazandaran province.Methods: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive form type of survey. The study population was school managers of Mazandaran province in the 2018-19 academic years with the number of 4865 people. The research sample according to Cochran's formula was estimated at 359 people who were selected based on the multi-step cluster sampling method with respect to the ratio of courses. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by expert’s opinion and tool construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was calculated 0.87 by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and Friedman test in SPSS software version 19.Finding: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the dimensions of resonant leadership with the curriculum planning approach in schools had five leadership dimensions including the coaching (5 items), linking (5 items), psychological (5 items), democratic (4 items) and deep-view (4 items) that these five dimensions together were able to explain 80.04% of the total variance. The results of the Friedman test showed that the leaderships dimensions of coaching, linking, psychological, democratic and deep-view had higher ranks, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, in order to improve resonant leadership with the curriculum planning approach, can be improved the leaderships dimensions of coaching, linking, psychological, democratic, and deep-view, respectively via workshops Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designing Desirable Curriculum Goals Based on the Components of Entrepreneurship in Elementary Schools: The Viewpoint of Teachers and Experts
Asiyeh Sadat Modarresi Saryazdi Ezatolah Naderi Maryam Seif NaraghiIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2020The purpose of this study was to carry out a design on the desired goals of curricula based on the components of entrepreneurship in elementary schools from the viewpoint of teachers and experts. Hence, the research employed grounded and applied methods. To collect data MoreThe purpose of this study was to carry out a design on the desired goals of curricula based on the components of entrepreneurship in elementary schools from the viewpoint of teachers and experts. Hence, the research employed grounded and applied methods. To collect data, a 22-item researcher-made questionnaire was designed in terms of knowledge, attitude, and skill. The sample size of 289 teachers was used using the Cochran formula, the entire statistical population was sampled as the statistical population of experts was limited. A random stratified sampling method was used to select the teachers’ sample. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data at the descriptive statistics level. In inferential statistics, the chi-square test was used at a 5% significance level. The results of the research revealed that, from the viewpoint of teachers and specialists, the desired goals in the entrepreneurial curriculum were well suited to the dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the Sports Health Marketing Strategic Plan in the Handball Federation based on the SWOT Model
Mohammad Eskandari Nematullah Nemati Tahereh BagherpourIssue 3 , Vol. 3 , Summer 2022Purpose: The sports health marketing plays an important role in improving the status of sports federations. As a result, the purpose of this study was investigating the sports health marketing strategic plan in the handball federation based on the SWOT model.Methodology MorePurpose: The sports health marketing plays an important role in improving the status of sports federations. As a result, the purpose of this study was investigating the sports health marketing strategic plan in the handball federation based on the SWOT model.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was presidents and vice-presidents past and present of the handball federation, referees, coaches and selected athletes of the national team and scientific and implementation experts with number of 52 people, which all of them were selected as samples by census sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which its face and content validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method for strengths 0.86, weaknesses 0.84, opportunities 0.91 and threats 0.89. Data were analyzed by weighted average and rank methods in SPSS software.Findings: The findings showed that for the strategic plan for the sports health marketing strategic plan were identified 11 strengths, 14 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 11 threats. Also, the evaluation of the internal factors of the sports health marketing strategic plan in the handball federation showed that the amount of attention to strengths in compared to weaknesses was higher and the evaluation of its external factors showed that the amount of attention to opportunities in compared to threats was higher.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the attention of managers and officials to Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Emergentism: Making the Case for the Philosophical and the Aesthetic
Rouhollah AghasalehIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2020To analyze the relationship between teachers’ freedom and their required pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), I consider emergent curriculum as an extreme end of curricula with a lot of freedom and autonomy for teachers as opposed to a conventional prescribed curr MoreTo analyze the relationship between teachers’ freedom and their required pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), I consider emergent curriculum as an extreme end of curricula with a lot of freedom and autonomy for teachers as opposed to a conventional prescribed curriculum in which teachers have less autonomy. In examining teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge from predetermined curriculum toward emergent curriculum, I argue that required PCK is evolving. At the extreme level of teachers’ freedom, some substantially new aspects of PCK are needed. One of the most relevant aspects of pedagogical content knowledge for the emergent curriculum curricular knowledge. In an emergent curriculum, the teacher acts as a curriculum developer as well, because the curriculum is not determined in advance. Curricular knowledge requires teachers to be experts in fields of learning that are not necessary for teachers in other kinds of curriculum. In addition to substantive PCK, teachers of emergent curriculum have to be both philosophers and artists to be qualified enough to make decisions about curricular issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Effective Factors and Consequences of the Curriculum with Entrepreneurship Approach for Top Talented Students in Iran
Ghorban Rayeji Fereydoon Azma Tayebeh Tajri Parviz SaeediIssue 4 , Vol. 2 , Autumn 2021Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the factors and consequences of the curriculum with an entrepreneurial approach for gifted students in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of purpose, basic-applied in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative) MorePurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the factors and consequences of the curriculum with an entrepreneurial approach for gifted students in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of purpose, basic-applied in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative) of exploratory type; In terms of data collection time, it was cross-sectional and in terms of data collection method or the nature and method of research was descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included all the heads of the provincial elite foundation and the heads of the talented departments of the General Directorate of Education and the provinces and 20% of the teachers implementing the Shahab project. 20 people were selected by purposive non-random sampling. Quantitatively, the statistical population includes high school students in gifted schools. The number of these students was 7000, which used the Cochran's formula, and based on this, 364 people were selected. Sampling method was done through multi-stage cluster sampling. In the qualitative part of this study, the Delphi questionnaire based on CVR and CVI forms was used and in the quantitative part, the questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of the instruments were evaluated and confirmed.Findings: The results of the study showed that the curriculum with entrepreneurship approach for top talents including environmental components, economy, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship, factors affecting the implementation of this approach in the curriculum, including components of support, teacher, system policies and Factors influencing the curriculum with an entrepreneurial approach, including talent discovery, improving top talent and self-efficacy were introduced.Conclusion: Implementing an entrepreneurial curriculum leads to talent discovery. That is, it identifies the top student talents and introduces them to continue their studies in related fields. These talents can also be introduced to various national and international centers. Manuscript profile
